even partner agreements must face death

businessman shaking hands with grim reaper5 life insurance questions you should consider.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

issues related to the death of a partner should be addressed in the firm’s partner agreement. consider the following:

  1. does the firm wish to accelerate vesting in any manner? does the firm wish to accelerate the payment frequency, vesting or both? partners are often tempted to be generous out of sympathy for the deceased partner’s family. what stops them from acting on this generosity impulse is the cold reality of how expensive this is. as a result, most firms treat death the same as an ordinary retirement.
  2. what must be done to assign the deceased partner’s clients to other firm members and to retain the clients?
  3. to what extent does the firm want to purchase life insurance on the lives of some or all of the partners? if they opt to purchase the insurance:

more on retirement: 6 ways to leave a cpa firm (retirement’s just 1) | how to juggle tax considerations for partner retirement benefits | two ways to retire, and one’s not pretty | mandatory retirement? 4 reasons the firm comes first | how to transition clients from retiring partners | retirement vesting: the devil’s in the details | eat what you kill? then maybe ‘book of business’ is for you

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6 ways to leave a cpa firm (retirement’s just 1)

businessman sitting at laptopgoodwill depends on the method of departure.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

in the literal sense, retirement is only one of six ways that partners may separate from their firm.

more on retirement: how to juggle tax considerations for partner retirement benefits | how to transition clients from retiring partners | you want goodwill payments? give proper retirement notice | retirement vesting: the devil’s in the details | compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | three ways to calculate goodwill payable in partner buyouts, none of them great | 5 points to consider when paying out goodwill | how to set terms and limits for goodwill payouts | 4 ways to decide how to pay out capital | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

benefits to partners are handled differently depending on which of the six ways they leave:
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how to juggle tax considerations for partner retirement benefits

senior executive in home office with two monitors and keyboard on leather desk and looking at paperwork on deskminimizing self-employment taxes is desirable but tricky.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

the income tax aspect of practice management issues is an area of my consulting practice in which i have knowledge, but i wouldn’t call it “expertise.” so i sought the counsel of an expert – jeff arnol, cpa, managing partner of kessler, orlean, silver & company in chicago. the information presented here is based on my 20+ years of experience of working with cpa firms on partner retirement plans, liberally supplemented by arnol’s input.

more on partner retirements: two ways to retire, and one’s not pretty | mandatory retirement varies by firm size | mandatory retirement? 4 reasons the firm comes first | how to transition clients from retiring partners | you want goodwill payments? give proper retirement notice | retirement vesting: the devil’s in the details | compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | three ways to calculate goodwill payable in partner buyouts, none of them great | 5 points to consider when paying out goodwill | how to set terms and limits for goodwill payouts | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

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two ways to retire, and one’s not pretty

older businessman taking a coffee breakthe graceful way to slow down and phase out.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

there are two ways that partners slow down as they approach traditional retirement age:

announced – the “cooperative” way to slow down. the partner openly and willingly informs the partners that she wishes to slow down. this change in status is usually related to the retirement process, but some partners who are not retirement-minded may wish to work less than full time in order to pursue other life goals.

more on retirement: mandatory retirement varies by firm size | how to transition clients from retiring partners | retirement plan funding? what funding? | retirement vesting: the devil’s in the details | when retiring partners take a specialty with them | three ways to calculate goodwill payable in partner buyouts, none of them great | the multiple of compensation method, fully explained | clients leaving? time to reduce retirement benefits | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

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unannounced – the “uncooperative” way to slow down. in these instances, the partner is either unwilling to cooperate with his partners in working out a sensible, fair phase-down period or is unaware that he needs to phase out of the firm.

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mandatory retirement varies by firm size

senior businesswoman holding portfoliopractices between “large” firms and smaller firms diverge.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

as is the case with many aspects of practice management, mandatory retirement is addressed quite differently depending on the size of the firm. here is data from a recent rosenberg map survey:

percent of firms having mandatory retirement policies for partners:

  • 83 percent for firms with annual fees greater than $20 million.
  • 77 percent for firms in the $10 million-20 million range.
  • 56 percent for firms in the $2 million-10 million range.
  • 21 percent for firms with fees less than $2 million.

more on retirement: mandatory retirement? 4 reasons the firm comes first | how to transition clients from retiring partners | you want goodwill payments? give proper retirement notice | retirement plan funding? what funding? | vesting can cover part-timers, too | retirement vesting: the devil’s in the details | compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | when retiring partners take a specialty with them | if clients leave, do you reduce retirement benefits?

read more →

mandatory retirement? 4 reasons the firm comes first

elderly businessman with hand on door frameand 6 reasons that firms struggle.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

at cpa firms, the concept of requiring partners to retire at a certain age has been around for decades. the mandatory requirement policy has its roots in the “one-firm” concept of managing a firm: the interests of the firm should always be more important than the interests of any individual partner.

more on retirement: you want goodwill payments? give proper retirement notice | retirement plan funding? what funding? | compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | when retiring partners take a specialty with them | if clients leave, do you reduce retirement benefits? | the multiple of compensation method, fully explained | the ins and outs of aav for goodwill | 5 points to consider when paying out goodwill | how to set terms and limits for goodwill payouts | 4 ways to decide how to pay out capital | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

why a mandatory retirement policy is good for the firm: read more →

how to transition clients from retiring partners

older businessman shaking hands with businesswoman across deskdon’t make this common but potentially expensive error.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

i have done extensive polling of firms in recent years on client transition and offer here some of their practices.

the best transition practice of course falls under the category of “the best way to solve a problem is to never let it happen to begin with.”

more on retirement: retirement plan funding? what funding? | vesting can cover part-timers, too | compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | when retiring partners take a specialty with them | why you’ll get less from your partners in a buyout than you might by selling the whole firm | eat what you kill? then maybe ‘book of business’ is for you | 5 points to consider when paying out goodwill | clients leaving? time to reduce retirement benefits | 4 ways to decide how to pay out capital | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

said one mp: “the ‘transition’ process should start as soon as the firm gets a client (some start even sooner – on the sale pitch). clients should be assigned a team, including a backup partner and a manager. the client should be told who the team members will be. some call this institutionalizing the clients. if you do this, there is very little else that needs to be done when a partner announces his/her retirement.”

some other points: read more →

you want goodwill payments? give proper retirement notice

older man and younger man having meeting at deskno transition – no goodwill.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

if there is one takeaway in retirement planning, it would be this: “no transition – no goodwill.” here’s what i mean.

more on retirement: retirement plan funding? what funding? | vesting can cover part-timers, too | compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | when retiring partners take a specialty with them | if clients leave, do you reduce retirement benefits? | three ways to calculate goodwill payable in partner buyouts, none of them great | eat what you kill? then maybe ‘book of business’ is for you | the ins and outs of aav for goodwill | 5 points to consider when paying out goodwill | clients leaving? time to reduce retirement benefits | 4 ways to decide how to pay out capital | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

the best of times and the worst of times…

with apologies to charles dickens, who famously opened his classic “a tale of two cities” with the above, here are two real experiences i had regarding transition, one of which was the best example of retiring partner transition i’ve ever seen and one the worst.

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retirement plan funding? what funding?

young businessman clipping hedge into dollar signweighing 2 pros… and 6 cons.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

ninety-nine percent of all cpa firms’ retirement benefits are unfunded. (this excludes the many instances where firms carry life insurance on partners because it only covers retirement in the case of death).

more on retirement: vesting can cover part-timers, too | retirement vesting: the devil’s in the details | compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | if clients leave, do you reduce retirement benefits? | why you’ll get less from your partners in a buyout than you might by selling the whole firm | the multiple of compensation method, fully explained | clients leaving? time to reduce retirement benefits | how to set terms and limits for goodwill payouts | 4 ways to decide how to pay out capital | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

there are two types of funding:

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vesting can cover part-timers, too

businesswoman with piggy bankpartial credit is an option for those whose schedules vary over their careers.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

full vesting age is different than mandatory retirement age.

more on partner retirement: retirement vesting: the devil’s in the details | compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | when retiring partners take a specialty with them | if clients leave, do you reduce retirement benefits? three ways to calculate goodwill payable in partner buyouts, none of them great the ins and outs of aav for goodwill | clients leaving? time to reduce retirement benefits how to set terms and limits for goodwill payouts | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

these two ages are similar, but most firms treat them differently. for instance: read more →

retirement vesting: the devil’s in the details

money rolland two common methods fully illustrated.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

vesting of retirement benefits is not unique to cpa firms. but vesting concepts for accounting firms are somewhat unique and are important to understand.

more on buyouts: compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts | when retiring partners take a specialty with them | if clients leave, do you reduce retirement benefits? | why you’ll get less from your partners in a buyout than you might by selling the whole firm | three ways to calculate goodwill payable in partner buyouts, none of them great | eat what you kill? then maybe ‘book of business’ is for you | the multiple of compensation method, fully explained | the ins and outs of aav for goodwill | 5 points to consider when paying out goodwill | clients leaving? time to reduce retirement benefits | how to set terms and limits for goodwill payouts | 4 ways to decide how to pay out capital | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

employee retirement plans are intended essentially as “savings programs” that people can take with them when they leave the firm, even if they depart well in advance of a normal retirement age. when there is employer matching, vesting provisions are common, and vesting is fairly rapid. in contrast, vesting in partner retirement plans is intentionally slow.

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when compromise is in order for some goodwill payouts

businessmen standing on dollar billtwo ways to deal with the loss of a major client.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

sometimes you need a creative compromise for dealing with the issue of linking client retention with goodwill benefits.

situations that could cause a firm to factor in lost clients in calculating goodwill benefits include:

  1. client loss, regardless of who is at fault.
  2. non-traditional services that were not institutionalized and hence, left the firm with the lead partner.
  3. loss of a significant client.

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when retiring partners take a specialty with them

businessman sitting on scales with stack of coins in other traynon-traditional services must be ‘institutionalized’ to be valuable.

by marc rosenberg
retirements & buyouts

the only reason firms pay goodwill-based retirement benefits is to retain the clients managed by the retiring partner.

more on partner buyouts: if clients leave, do you reduce retirement benefits? | why you’ll get less from your partners in a buyout than you might by selling the whole firm | eat what you kill? then maybe ‘book of business’ is for you | the multiple of compensation method, fully explained | 5 points to consider when paying out goodwill | clients leaving? time to reduce retirement benefits | partners may balk at guaranteeing retirement obligations

if a firm were 100 percent certain that all of a retiring partner’s clients would leave the day after the partner settled in at the retirement community, i doubt the remaining partners would be terribly motivated to sign any retirement checks. read more →